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高考英语最基础的语法 如何学好高考英语的语法

2024-01-07 21:09:51 | 一一教育网

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高考英语最基础的语法 如何学好高考英语的语法

高考英语最基础的语法 如何学好高考英语的语法

高考英语中最重要的就是英语语法,语法是学英语的基础,那么高考英语都学那些语法呢?这些语法有什么学习技巧呢?下面我告诉你高中英语最基础的语法,希望对英语不好的考生有帮助。

名词性从句的学习方法

名词性从句有四种:主语从句、宾语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

1.名词性从句的连接词的选择:名词性从句的解题可以从分析从句的句子结构开始,看从句是否缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。缺与不缺这些句子成分决定了名词性从句的两类解题技巧:

(1)从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、或定语:

①如果从句缺少主语或宾语,可根据句意做出如下判断:如果缺的成分指“人”,就在who, whom, whoever, whomever中选择;如果指一定范围中的哪一个(既可指人,也可指物),则用which或whichever;如果不符合上述两种情况中的任意一种,那么就在what或whatever中选择。

②名词性从句缺表语:从句缺表语比上述情况复杂一些,根据句意分析,如果需要使用连接代词的话,判断选择的方法与上述方法相同,另外如果表达“谁的?”这一所属关系时则用whose (如:I don’t know whose this book is.)。

③名词性从句缺定语:名词性从句缺定语如果指“谁的?”则用whose,如:I don’t know whose book this is.如果指“什么的?”则用what或whatever,如:I don’t care what person you’d like to make friends with.或You can make friends with whatever person you like.

2.如果名词性从句中不缺少上述成分,则根据句意有无疑问将连接词的选择分成两种情况:

(1)从句语义是确定无疑的,则用that。

注意that不能省略的几种情况:① that从句作介词宾语时不能省略;② 一个动词(如:例6中的checked)带上两个或两个以上的that宾语从句时要么每个that都不省略,至少最后的that不能省略;③ that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时通常不省略。

(2)从句语义不确定有两种情况:两者选其一,在宾语从句从句中应在whether和if 中选一个,其它名词性从句只能用whether;在事物的某一方面有疑问则在连接副词when, where, why, how等连词中进行选择。

注意whether和if的区别:① whether和if在宾语从句中存在着互换的可能,但当whether用作介词宾语时或与or连用时,不能换成if;② whether引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能换成if。

3.值得关注的几个问题:

(1)感叹词引导的宾语从句。

(2)because, as if 引导的表语从句。

定语从句的学习方法

1.定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词:关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用,本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语,本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。注意what不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that.

2.掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用。

定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词:关系代词和关系副词。 它们起连词作用,本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语,本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。 主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。注意what不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that.

3.定语从句与强调结构。

4.定语从句中的先行词。

5.定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句则相当于名词,对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容。

6.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别: 在限制性定语从句中,从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)从句与主句关系密切,不用逗号。译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接 。 在非限制性定语从句中,从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。) 从句与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开。译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面。

7.As 和which的辨析关系。

(1)在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。

(2)在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which, 当从句和主句语义一致时,用as,反之则用which。

(3)as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如be known,be said,be reported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。

(4)在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。

8. 由关系副词when, where, why 所引导的定语从句。

状语从句的学习方法

主从句连词和并列句连词,这儿主要讲述引导状语从句的连词(短语)和引导并列句的连词。

1. 时间状语从句的常用连词和词组主要有:when, while,as, after, before, since, until, as soon as,instantly, the moment, directly, immediately,once, each time, every time。

2. 地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever等引导。

3. 原因状语从句由连词because, as, since, now(that), seeing that等引导。

4. 条件状语从句由连词if, unless, as(so)long as, in case, on condition that, suppose, supposing that, provided, providing that等引导。

5. 方式状语从句常用as, just as, as if(as though)等连词引导。

6. 让步状语从句常用though, although, even if, even though, as, whether...or not;no matter who, no matter when, whenever, however, no matter how等引导。

7. 目的状语从句常用in order that, so that, for fear that, in case, lest等连词引导,在从句中常用may(might), can(could)等情态动词。

8. 结果状语从句常用so that, so...that, such...that,so等引导。

9. 比较状语从句常用as...as, not so...as(或not as...as),more...than, less...than, the more...the more 等引导。这种从句中常省略后半部分。

高考英语最基础的语法 如何学好高考英语的语法

2022高二英语语法知识点

要想学好英语知识,首先要掌握好英语的语法,掌握了英语语法会让你的英语成绩更上一层楼。这里给大家整理了一些 高二英语 语法知识点,希望对大家有所帮助。

高二英语语法知识点1

1、at

如:常用词组有: at noon, at night

表示时间的 at, in, on:表示片刻的时间,at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。

in 表示一段的时间

如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。

on 总是跟日子有关,on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。

2、表示时间的 since 和 from:since 表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用:from 表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。

如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.

3、表示时间的 in 和 after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后” ,而 after 则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后),in 短语 和将来时态连用,after 短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。

如:We’ll be back in three days.

After seven the rain began to fall.

What shall we do after graduation?

After two months he returned. 注意:after 有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)

4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to:in 表示在某范围内,on 指与什么毗邻,to 指在某环境范围之外

如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China.

5、表示“在……上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示……上。

如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.

高二英语语法知识点2

介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。 一一教育网

介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一种是短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,in front of, because of, out of, instead 如 of 等;还有一种二重介词,如 until after, from behind 等。

(一) 介词的句法功能:介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当 一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与 其它 人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、 作定语: The book on the table is mine.

2、 作状语: have breakfast at seven. We (表时间)They were late for meeting because of the heavy ; rain.(表原因) ;They started the machine by pressing the button.(表 方法 )

3、 作表语: My dictionary is in the bag.

4、 作宾语补足语: I found him in the office.

(二) 1.表示时间的介词

(1) in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”,如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面,或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”,表示从说话起的若干时间内。

如: in July/summer/2000/ancient times

The bus will be here in ten minutes.

(2) on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st

(3) at表示“在某一时间点”,或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。

如:at six o'clock, at Easter

(4) over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。

如:Stay over the Christmas.

(5) for与since:for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度,为“长达……”之意;since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;含有since时间短语的 句子 要用完成时,但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。

高二英语语法知识点3

1、形容词的定义:形容词简称adv. 形容词简称adv.修饰v. adj.,其他adv.或全句的词,v.,adv.或全句的词修饰v.,adj.,其他adv.或全句的词,表示时间,地点,程度,方式等。表示时间,地

点,程度,方式等。

2、复合形容词的构成

(1)形容词+ 名词+ ed kind-hearted 好心的,white-haired 白发的

(2)形容词+ 形容词red-hot 炽热的,dark-blue 深蓝的

(3)形容词+ 现在分词good-looking 好看的,easy-going 随和的

(4)副词+ 现在分词hard-working 勤劳的,fast-moving 快速转动的

(5)副词+ 过去分词hard-won 得来不易的,newly-made 新建的

(6)名词+ 形容词life-long 终生的,world-famous 世界闻名的

(7)名词+ 现在分词peace-loving 爱好 和平的,fun-loving 爱开玩笑的

(8)名词+ 过去分词snow-covered 白雪覆盖的,hand-made 手工的

(9)数词+ 名词+ ed four-storeyed 4 层楼的,three-legged 3 条腿的

(10)数词+ 名词(名词用单数)ten-year 10 年的,two-man 两人的

高二英语语法知识点4

什么是副词?

指出句中的副词:

1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther? a little修饰副词“farther”表示程度 farther修饰动词“move”表示方式

2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修饰动词goes,表示频度、频率

3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修饰整个句子

4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修饰形容词,表示程度修饰形容词hot,修饰形容词

【高考副词主要考点】

主要题型:选择填空,完形填空,改错

考点内容:

1. 副词词义辨析

(10浙江) Do you think shopping online will ____________ take the place of shopping in stores?

A.especially B.Frequently C.merely D.finally

解析:especially 特别,尤其;frequently经常;merely仅仅;finally最终

根据语境:你认为网上购物最终会替代商场购物吗?

(10湖北) I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ___________ said errors like this could be avoided.

A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly

解析:mostly 大部分地,通常地;nearly 几乎=almost;rarely 很少地,几乎不;merely 仅仅,只不过

全句意思:我并没有责怪任何人,我只是说类似这种错误是可以避免的” 说类似这种错误是可以避免的”。

2. 副词短语与习惯用语辨析

(09全国) It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting .

A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much

【解析】too much+不可数名词 much too+形

(09天津) It was a nice house, but _______ too small for a family of five.

A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty

【解析】rather too 稍微,一点

全句意思:这房子不错,但对于五口之家还是稍微小了点。

(2011全国)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is______another to play it well yourself.

A. quite B. very C. rather D. much

【解析】quite another 另一回事

全句意思:喜欢听好音乐是一回事,但是自己演奏的好又是另一回事。

3. 某些副词的位置

(10辽宁)We only had $100 and that was _______ to buy a new computer.

A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough

【辨析】enough做副词时,修饰形容词或副词时应该放在被修饰词的后面adj/adv+enough nowhere near是固定短语,意思是“差得远;远不及” ,相当于一个形容词。

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高考英语最基础的语法 如何学好高考英语的语法

高考英语语法填空技巧_关于高考英语短文语法填空

短文填空题,又可称之为首字母填空,顾名思义,根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空限一词。我整理了关于高考英语短文语法填空,欢迎阅读!

关于高考英语短文语法填空篇一

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

One day, my friend showed his favorite book to me. He also said it was __16__ second part of the very famous book - Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

I borrowed the book from a young librarian and I enjoyed reading it __17__ (immediate).I realized __18__ wonderful books could be! Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is filled with adventures. The main character was Huckleberry Finn, a poor English boy, __19__ father was a low class drunk, and wanted to get his son’s fortune which Finn had gotten previously in another adventure with his friend, Tom Sawyer. __20__, Finn ran away from his father and met another boy called Jim. __21__ friends went to the sea and got on a ship. They also went to __22__ (variety) islands in the sea and had many adventures. Eventually Finn returned home, only __23__ (find) that his father had died. From then on he has no longer been in any danger. Jim also got his freedom __24__ Finn’s help.

This novel __25__(write) by the well-known English author Mark Twain who also wrote the famous book Tom Sawyer.

【参考答案】

16. the 17. immediately 18. how

19. whose 20. Therefore 21. Both

22. various 23. to find 24. with 25. was written

语法填空

16. the。考查冠词。序数词前面用定冠词来修饰。

17. immediately。考查词类转换。此处用副词来修饰动词。

18. how。考查关系副词。how引导宾语从句并在从句中作状语。

19. whose。考查定语从句。该空后有名词father作主语,故填关系代词whose引导定语从句修饰先行词boy。

20. Therefore。考查连词。根据句意,Finn的父亲想得到儿子的财产,因此,儿子要逃跑。

21. Both。考查代词。这里用both专指Huckleberry Finn和Tom Sawyer两个人。

22. various。考查词类转换。这里应该填形容词various 修饰名词islands。

23. to find。考查非谓语动词。only to do sth表示一种出乎意料、不期望看到的结果。

24. with。考查介词。with sb’s help 意为“在某人的帮助下”。

25. was written。考查动词形式。根据句意,这本书是由Mark Twain 写的。

关于高考英语短文语法填空篇二

Jonny:Hey!I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?

Peter:I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?

Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.

Peter:OK. Don't laugh__1__ me. I may look funny.

Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and__2__(soft).Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.

Peter:I cannot control my body well. My legs become__3__(pain).

Jonny:Keep __4__(hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let__5__ stay in the air for seconds.

Peter:I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.

Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi__6__(call)“shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well__7__ strong. In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The__8__(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!

Peter:Unbelievable!Oh. . . ,__9__ you don't mind,I'll stop and take a deep__10__.

1.解析:laugh at sb. “嘲笑某人”。

答案:at

2.解析:and连接并列成分,前面是naturally,所以后面用softly。

答案:softly

3.解析:become后接形容词,构成系表结构,故用painful。

答案:painful

4.解析:keep doing“持续/一直在做某事”。

答案:holding

5.解析:特指your leg。

答案:it

6.解析:此处表示被动。

答案:is called

7.解析:as well as 是固定搭配,意为“也,还”。

答案:as

8.解析:此处为the harder. . . the more. . . 结构,表示“越.. . 就越.. . ”。

答案:harder

9.解析:“如果你不介意的话”,表示条件。

答案:if

10.解析:take a deep breath“深呼吸”。

答案:breath

关于高考英语短文语法填空篇三

My mother and I walked down to the rocky coastline near the cabin in Maine. We collected stones. By the time I was 7,my mother had taught me to know the ones worth__1__(keep): We hunted for polished rocks,marbled greenstone.

We wandered far apart that day. On my side of the long beach,I picked up a rounded piece of granite__2__(circle)by white veins of quartz. I saw the rock had been split;a break recent enough__3__the edges weren't exactly smoother,old enough that they weren't exactly __4__(sharp).

Then my mother called to me,and we walked __5__(meet)each other. I had half a stone in my hand to show her. She pulled the other half from her pocket and shouted her__6__(astonish).I laughed. It couldn't be. It was. The seagulls cackled with us.

Twenty­three years since that morning,and still we are together and separate,__7__(move)apart and back,over and over. Always the reminder sits in a glass­paned cabinet__8__ the dining room of the family home,two flawed pieces of stone held together with__9__ faded rubber band. Proof that once,__10__(incredible),we found the far­flung halves of a broken thing and made them whole again.

1.解析:结合前面的形容词worth+doing的用法,因此填keeping。

答案:keeping

2.解析:根据语境,此处circle与前面的granite构成动宾关系,因此用过去分词作后置定语。

答案:circled

3.解析:根据语境,此处that引导了一个结果状语从句与后面的old enough that. . . 呼应。

答案:that

4.解析:与前面的smoother呼应,指“也不那么的锋利”,因此使用比较级。

答案:sharper

5.解析:根据前面的walked可知,此处用不定式作目的状语。

答案:to meet

6.解析:前面是一个形容词性物主代词,因此后面用名词。

答案:astonishment

7.解析:根据语境,此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。

答案:moving

8.解析:结合后面的地点,表示“在……里面”,因此用介词in。

答案:in

9.解析:根据语境,此处用a泛指“一个”。

答案:a

10.解析:修饰整个句子,用副词作状语。

答案:incredibly

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